Environmental problems such as pollution and climatic variations are increasing nowadays. The governments have taken some measures at a global level. But they got only few solutions. Why is it so? How can this problem be solved?

Environmental problems such as pollution and climatic variations are increasing
nowadays. The governments have taken some measures at a global level. But they
got only few solutions. Why is it so? How can this problem be solved?



Saving the environment has become the top priority across the world. No country in the world disagrees
with the fact that the Earth is at the brink of a climatic disaster, but the measures taken neither have legs
nor the lengths to address the issue. This essay intends to look into why the measures have always fallen
short of the mark, and suggest some solutions to mitigate the problem.



The first reason why global measures have failed is that the developed world is shying away from the
burden it needs to bear for the damage it did to the environment in the colonial industrial revolution
times. Hence we are stuck in a limbo of bipolar world of developing nations on one side and the
developed on the other. And the compromises reached between the two have always been far from
satisfactory. If we need to see a real positive change, the developed world has to do more than the
developing world. It cannot just say that everyone should play an equal role. It can do so by providing
wealth and technology related to renewable sources of energy to the developing and the least developed
countries.



The second major reason of not being able to do for the environment is that our governments are acting
in the interests of powerful lobbies and corporations. For example, the fossil fuel industries are trillion
dollar businesses. If clean energy succeeds, these giants would lose. The clout of these is so strong that
instead of acting with ambition and urgency, the governments are making feeble efforts. The solution, for
this would be to create awareness that fossil fuel industries have to step down to let the greener energies
succeed.



Finally, development and environment are always seen at loggerheads with each other. Environment
always ends up taking a back seat to development. Thus, looking at the two as separate entities has
delayed and brought us to our current position. The answer to this is sustainable development, which is
development that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the environment.



To sum up, it can be seen clearly, why the steps taken so far have failed to save the environment.
However, the time has come to do some soul-searching and take pro-active steps for the environment.

Format of advantage/ disadvantage essays

Intro

(General Facts)
It goes without saying that ……………………...
Or  It is implicit/ irrefutable that......

(Paraphrasing)

(Thesis Statement)
1. This essay would delve in to both the benefits and drawbacks of such a measure.
2. I would like to explicate the pros and cons of it at length in the paragraphs to come.
3. This essay would explore the advantages and disadvantages of this phenomena.

Body – Para 1

(Main Idea)
1. The main advantage is….
For example…….

(Supporting idea)
What is more, …………………………………………………………….
For Example………

Body – Para 2

(Main idea)
However it has a downside as well. The first drawback is …………………………
For example…..

(Supporting idea 4)
Apart frm that,………………………………
For example……


Conclusion

(Concluding statement and restating opinion)
In the end,it can be concluded that…….
To put in a nutshell, I pen down saying that…..
After looking at both sides of the coin/issue, it can be concluded that…..

(Suggestion)………..

Pollution and other environmental problems are resulting from a country's developing and becoming richer. Some think this cannot be avoided. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Intro
(General facts)
It goes without saying that pollution and other environmental problems posing a serious threat to human existence. All the things that human beings have designed and devised for comfort have some kind of repercussion for the environment.

(Paraphrasing)
A generally accepted theory is that this damage to environment is inevitable and inescapable
However, I disagree that this cannot be avoided. Fortunately technology has advanced enough that environmental damage is no longer essential for further progress.

(Thesis statement)
Therefore, I tend to believe that growing pollution can be tamed. I would like to explicate it at length/ comprehensively in the paragraphs to come.



Body – Para 1
1. It is implicit that in the quest for development, man has harmed the environment quite considerably. Global warming and its repercussions are now an open secret.  Most of the energy that we use is polluting the environment. Effluents from large factories are being dumped and landfill sites are filling up with non-biodegradable wastes.

2. Nevertheless, I still feel that the damage to the environment is revertible.  For instance, we know that there are renewable sources of energy which are lesser polluting. People should be made aware and educated about the use of renewable sources as they are not used on a large scale because of the lack of awareness among masses. Although, some people have already started designing houses which do not require air conditioning even in the extremes of temperature. For example, they are using prefabricate material such as aluminum for doors and windows.

Body Para 2
3. I feel that if there is awareness, we can achieve progress in its true meaning and without losing any single bit of our environment.  The answer lies in the green technologies which increasingly use renewable resources of energy.

4. We should also remember the three “Rs” - reduce, reuse and recycle. Not only, we have to reduce the use of nonrenewable sources like coal or natural gas. We also have to focus on the reuse and recycle of no degradable items like plastic. In this way we can achieve an ecologically sustainable development.

Conclusion
(Concluding statement and restating opinion)
To put it in a nutshell, I pen down saying that, earlier we could say that - Industrial growth = Progress = Environmental Damage; but fortunately technology has moved far enough that environmental damage is no longer required for further advancement.
(Suggestion)
The onus lies on individuals as well to act more responsibly so that future generation can have a safer planet to live. Sustainable development is indeed the need of the hour.

Some developing countries invite large foreign companies to open offices and factories in order to help their economy. However, some people feel that foreign companies should be shut out and instead the government should help the local companies to contribute to the economic growth. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Intro
(General facts & paraphrasing)
It is ostensible that in the era of globalization, inviting multinational companies to set up offices and factories has become a common and unprecedented practice among developing nations nowadays.  Though, it is a highly debatable whether these international companies or whether the local companies should be promoted by the governments of developing countries.

(Thesis Statement)
I deem that MNCs are good for the overall health of economy hence should be promoted. Also, the governments need to make local companies competent enough to survive in the cut-throat competition.  I would like to explicate it at length in the paragraphs to come.

Body – Para 1
1. MNCs bring lot of advantages. To begin, they provide employment to local people which help in addressing the problem of unemployment in the host country. Also, they usually pay better remunerations than other available opportunities. Apart from that, they train local labour with more sophisticated techniques which in the long run bring benefits to the host country.

2. Moreover, they assist in boosting the growth rate of host nation by introducing new technology and investment. In addition to it, they promote production and bring a variety of products to the market.

3. Furthermore, such MNCs encourage the growth of various supporting industries.  For example, if an MNC opens in a place, then many businesses open in the neighbourhood, which cater to the workers working in these MNCs. In this way, they stabilize and stimulate local economies, and lift the standards of living.

Body – Para 2
4. Another important advantage of MNCs is that they induce their local rivals to become more innovative and competitive. Taking an example, it is a well known fact that Indian company Videocon has improved its standard to compete with MNCs such as Samsung and Sony.

5. Last but not the least, these companies develop positive values for women such as diversity, and equality. Women are given equal opportunities in these companies without any prejudice or being biased.

(Downside)
However, MNCs do have a downside. For instance, local small scale industries might not be able to compete with these multinationals as they have limited resources. Therefore, the govt. should support them so that they can rub shoulders with these MNCs.

Conclusion
(Concluding statement and restating opinion)
To put it in a nutshell, I pen down saying that MNCs are largely beneficial for the growth of under developing nations.

(Suggestion)
They may have some drawbacks; however that should not stop us from appreciating and admiring their countless benefits. They should be promoted by the governments of developing countries as they might put much needed impetus in the otherwise dying economy.

Some people say that professional workers such as doctors, nurses and teachers who make greater contribution to the society should be paid more than those people in the field of sports and entertainment. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Intro
(General Facts)
The high incomes of celebrities in the field of sports and entertainment have always been a matter of dispute and highly debatable.

(Paraphrasing)
Despite their significant contribution to the society, a group of individuals believe that professional workers like doctors, nurses and teachers should be getting higher salaries than these celebrities because of the larger contribution they make to the society.

(Thesis Statement)
However, I tend to think in the opposite direction. I deem that doctors, nurses and teachers should not be paid more than these celebrities. I have some solid grounds to defend my point of view.

Body – Para 1
1. To begin, it is implicit that doctors, nurses and teachers are making a huge contribution to society.         However, the contribution of these celebrities is also second to none.  They provide us entertainment and inspiration. Moreover, they bring name and fame to our country. They are role models for the society and people follow them and listen to them.

2. To add to it, they have a very short career span. Most of the people in the sports and entertainment field start their career at the age of 19-20 and retire by 33-35 years. Whatever these celebrities earn is during these few years and after that they face struggle. Of course, there are exceptions such as the great legend Amitabh Bachhan but such examples can be counted on finger tips. On the flip side, a doctor, teacher or nurse does not ever retire if he does not wish to.
For example, my uncle is a doctor and even at the age of 74 he goes to his clinic for two hours every day.

Body – Para 2
3. What is more, these celebrities sacrifice their personal life completely .They cannot enjoy the common things of life like the common man does. They are always followed by the paparazzi and their children too always need security. This is too much price to pay for the high salaries they receive.

4. Finally, people with natural abilities and special talents are exceptional individuals. For example, not everyone has the natural gift of dancing, acting or playing a certain game with a complete command. Therefore, these people need extra attention or special care. High salaries can be a big boost and fitting reward to their potential.

Conclusion
In the end, it can be concluded that high earnings of people in the field of sports and entertainment is completely justified.

(Opinion and suggestion)
Their services to the society are as imperative as the services of doctors, teachers and nurses if not more. No doubt, professional workers need to be given better remunerations but not at the cost of high income of celebrities.

Although nowadays people are reading news through internet, newspapers still remain of value. Do you agree or disagree.

Intro
(General Facts)
It is irrefutable that the rise of the Internet has brought sea changes in the field of information and technology.

(Paraphrasing)
Internet is making serious inroads in people’s news reading habits. Lot of people now use internet to get the latest updates about the world around.

(Thesis Statement)
However, I tend to believe that in spite of facing a serious challenge from internet, newspaper still holds its position firmly. A number of arguments can be presented to defend my opinion.

Body – Para 1
1. The first argument in favour of the newspaper is that it does not require any sophisticated technical equipment to read. This offers the reader a high level of flexibility. The printed newspaper can basically be read in any place at any time.  For instance, a person may read the paper while commuting to and from work and also the reader can absorb the information at his own pace.

2. Furthermore, local information such as local news, movies and entertainment in the local area, local sporting and other events are best assessed through the printed newspaper. To add to it, the newspapers also have advertisements for stores having sales. Readers always want to know about things closest to home and no other medium is better than a newspaper in supplying this information.

Body – Para 2
3. Finally, in many parts of the world people still do not have access to a computer and internet connection as compare to a newspaper which is as common as dirt. A newspaper can be found almost everywhere. It is one of the cheapest sources of information, thus, available to all and sundry

(Opposite Argument)
It is implicit that the appetite for news from the Internet is growing. The technical potential of the internet greatly surpasses that of the printed newspapers in a number of ways. Through the internet there is the possibility of regular updates, rapid access to a large number of newspapers. And being paperless it is very eco-friendly. However, the average person gets news from a variety of sources and internet is just one of them. Therefore, I believe that the printed newspaper is the king of all news media.

Conclusion
(Concluding statement and restating opinion)
To put it in a nutshell, I pen down saying that, online news has not lead to any decline in the circulation of newspaper. In fact, it is still going great guns.

(Prediction and hope)
This equation might get changed in the future. However, one would hope and imagine that printed newspaper and online newspaper would go hand in hand in the days to come.

The spread of multinational companies and the increase in globalization produce positive effects for everyone. Do you agree or disagree?

Intro
(General facts)
We are living in the era of globalization. The entire world has turned in to a ‘global village’.
The diminution/ attenuation/dwindling of barriers on trade and other economic activities has made it feasible for the multinational companies to move around freely in different nooks and corners of the world.

(Paraphrasing)
A popular stratum of society deems that this is a positive development as one and all are getting benefited out of it

(Thesis statement)
However, I tend/ am inclined to think in the opposite direction. I think it is not bringing dividends to all and sundry. I would like to explicate it at length in the paragraphs to come.

Body – Para 1
1. My major argument relates to their products. Supporters of globalization argue that multinational companies produce high quality products.  This may be true to some extent, however, it also means that people have less choice of products to buy.

2. What is more, these products are generally expensive which means an extra financial burden on the pocket of the common man. Hence, these products are not in everyone’ reach.

3. In addition, when powerful multinational companies invade/intrude local markets with their goods, they pose a serious challenge to local and small companies and often force them to go out of business. As a result, consumers have no choice but to buy multinational products whether we like them or not.

Body – Para 2
4. Moreover, MNCs and globalization are making societies more open which is good in a way but this also means that as a result the human race is losing its cultural identity.

5. Furthermore, advocates of multinational companies often point out that they provide employment.
This is undoubtedly true, it also indicates that we have become more dependent on them which means when a multinational company decides to move to another country, this has an adverse effect on its workers who lose their jobs.

6. To add to it, the jobs MNCs provide are not paid as much as they pay for similar jobs in their own country. Thus, in fact they are exploiting workers of poor nations.

Conclusion
(Concluding statement and restating the opinion)
After the overall analysis, it can be concluded that apparently multinational companies do have their benefits, but they also have their drawbacks and not everyone is benefited by them.

(Suggestion)
Globalization will prove a boon when everyone can reap the fruits of it and when the benefits are not restricted only to a group of individuals, companies or countries.

Format of Agree/ Disagree Essays

Intro
(General Facts)
It goes without saying that ……………………...
Or  It is implicit/ irrefutable that......

(Paraphrasing)

(Thesis Statement)
 I completely agree/disagree with the statement. I would like to explicate it at length in the paragraphs to come.
Or  I endorse the statement wholeheartedly. I have some solid grounds to defend my opinion which I would like to explicate it at length in the paragraphs to come.
Or  I endorse the statement to an extent/some extent/ a large extent. I have some solid grounds to defend my opinion which I would like to explicate it at length in the paragraphs to come.
Or However, I tend/ am inclined to think in the opposite direction. I would like to explicate it at length in the paragraphs to come.

Body – Para 1
(Main Idea)
To begin,
For example…….

(Supporting idea)
What is more, …………………………………………………………….
For Example………

Body – Para 2
(Supporting idea 3)
Furthermore, they cite examples …………………………

(Supporting idea 4)
Last but not the least,………………………………

Conclusion
(Concluding statement and restating opinion)
In the end,it can be concluded that…….
Or In conclusion, I would like to believe that…..
In conclusion, I am of the opinion, that….
To put in a nutshell, I pen down saying that…..

(Suggestion)………..

Some people say that to get success University education is essential while others don't find this true in today’s scenario. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Intro
(General Facts)
It goes without saying that tertiary education is a requisite and indispensable level of education. However, whether it is imperative to get success or not is highly debatable.

(Paraphrasing)
Some individuals are of the opinion that tertiary education is a key component to climb the ladder of success in life. While others opine that university education is no guarantee of success in the contemporary world.

(Thesis Statement)
In this essay, I intend to delve in to both arguments before forming an opinion.

Body – Para 1
(Main Idea)
The first school of thought claims that to get a good job university degree is must. Having a college degree opens up the doors of opportunities. A degree simply proves that an individual has gone through the necessary training and understanding to carry out a job. That is why lot of MNC’s
around the world have kept college degree as a criteria for recruitments.

(Supporting idea)
What is more, there are certain professions such as doctors, lawyers, engineers, and architects which are very much dependent on university education. No one would go to an uncertified doctor who may prescribe the wrong medication or give a wrong diagnosis and no one would hire an architect to build his house only to have it collapse.

Body – Para 2
(Main Idea)
On the flip side, the opposite camp is of the opinion that having a degree does not equate to success. They deem that more than a degree it is actually the personal traits of a person which decides success. Virtues like honesty, integrity, creativity and hard work have a much bigger role to play to be successful in life. A degree does not indicate in any way how a person will function in the real world. Practical experience is more important in the present scenario. Even today’s employers give more importance to these traits while hiring.

(Supporting idea 1)
Furthermore, they cite examples of people who made it big without any university degree. For example, Michael Dell, the founder and CEO of Dell dropped out of college at 19. Henry Ford never graduated high school, but went on to start one of the largest automobile manufacturing companies in the world, Ford Motor Company.

(Supporting idea 2)
Last but not the least, in the field of entertainment or sports nowadays, people with talent only can achieve success. The requirement of degree in such fields is not that necessary.

Conclusion
To conclude, according to my point of view the attributes to become successful in today‘s world do not depend on a university degree. A degree is just one of the criteria of success and not the only criteria. For me, talent still has a slight edge over degree hence more important to be successful in life.

Some people think that the best way to reduce crime is to give longer prison sentences. Others, however, believe there are better alternative ways of reducing crime. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Intro
(General facts)
It is irrefutable that crime is a serious and growing problem in most societies and posing serious threat to the overall social setup.

(Paraphrasing)
There are those who believe that the best way to tackle this is to place people in prison for lengthy periods, however, a counter argument is that other measures will be more effective.

(Thesis Statement)
Both the opinions have some solid arguments to defend each other which should be looked upon before forming any sort of opinion.

Para 1(first/ former View)
(Main Idea)
According to the first school of thought there are benefits of giving offenders longer prison sentences. Firstly, longer prison sentences will act as a deterrent for someone who is thinking of committing a crime. For example, if some body knows that he or she is going to get a longer prison even for committing a smallest of crime then they would think twice before committing any crime.

(Supporting Idea)
In addition to this, spending a long time in prison provides an opportunity for the prison services to rehabilitate a prisoner. For instance, someone who has committed a serious offence such as assault will need a long time in prison in order to be sure that they can be re-educated not to re-offend.

Para 2(Second/latter view)
(Main Idea)
However, the opposite group of people deems that leaving people in prison for a long time is not a good option .It will mean that they will mix with other criminals and their character will not improve.
Therefore, rather than sending people for longer sentences, the focus should be on developing effective alternatives. For instance, community service can be good alternative. This gives an offender the opportunity to give something positive back to society, and hence it may improve their character.

(Supporting Idea)
Moreover, the government should use its resources to know the root cause and genesis of crime, which would lead to less crime in the future.

Para 3
In my opinion, it is important to look at alternative methods. Many countries have lengthy prison sentences; even then the crime has continued to increase throughout the world. Thus, it is clear that this is not completely effective. Having said that, long prison sentences should remain for those who commit atrocious crimes such as assault or murder, as justice for the victim and their family should take priority.

Conclusion
(Concluding statement and restating opinion)
To put in a nutshell, I pen down saying that there are good arguments for and against long sentences.

(Suggestion)
Personally, longer sentences should be restricted to hardcore criminals and heinous crimes. For low intensity crimes governments must consider other alternatives. They must continue to research the various methods of crime reduction to ensure a fear and crime free society.

Examine the arguments in favour of and against animal experiments, and come to a conclusion on this issue.

Intro
(General Facts)
It is implicit that the animal experimentation is one the most sensitive and debatable issues of contemporary world.


(Paraphrasing)
While a segment of people is of the opinion that there is no harm in carrying out experiments on animals, a popular stratum of society tend to believe that animals should not be used in testing as it is cruel, inhuman and unnecessary.

(Thesis statement)
Both the arguments should be properly investigated before reaching to a conclusion.

Para 1(first/ former View)
(Main Idea)
According to the first school of thought we must do tests on animals as it brings rich dividends to humans. For instance, many famous lifesaving drugs were invented in this way, and animal experiments may help us to find more cures in the future, possibly even a cure for cancer and AIDS.

(Extending idea)
They further elaborate that the animals which are used are not usually wild but are bred especially for experiments. Therefore, they believe it is not true that animal experiments are responsible for reducing the number of wild animals on the planet. And it is, in fact, completely justified to carry experiments on animals

Para 2(Second/latter view)
However, the opposite camp also has some good arguments against animal experimentation.

(Main Idea)
Their first and foremost argument is that animal experiments are unkind and cause animals a lot of pain and sufferings. No civilized society would allow such barbarian acts to continue.

(Extending Idea)
1. In addition, they also feel that many tests are irrelevant not really important. According to them, animals are, for example, not only used to test new medicines but also new cosmetics, which could be tested on humans instead.

2. Another issue is that sometimes an experiment on animals gives us the wrong result because animals’ bodies are not exactly the same as our own. As a consequence, this testing may not provide the safety to human beings as it is claimed by its proponents.

Conclusion
(Concluding statement and personal opinion)
In conclusion, I am of the opinion, that the benefits of animal testing do not outweigh the disadvantages.

(Suggestion)
Therefore, it should not continue. It is not only unjustified but inhumane as well.
Although it may improve the lives of humans, it is not fair that animals should suffer in order to achieve this. Technology has advanced enough to look for other options. Animals should not be made scapegoats.

Some people believe that women should play an equal role as men in a country’s police force or military force, such as the army, while others think women are not suitable for these kinds of jobs. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Intro
(General facts)
Gone are the days when women used to work with in the four walls of the house. Nowadays they are showing their mettle in every field and proving second to none. Even the armed forces are not an exception and this makes the issue highly debatable.

(Paraphrasing)
Some individuals opine that women’s role in armed forces should be equivalent of men. In sharp contrast, some people tend to believe that women are a complete misfit in these forces, hence should not be given entry in armed forces.

(Thesis statement)
I would like to delve into both the arguments before forming an opinion.


Body para-1 (first/ former View)
(Main Idea)
Going with the first school of thought, women should have the similar rights as men to choose their profession as we are living in an egalitarian society where everyone has equal rights regardless of their gender, caste, creed or background.

(Supporting idea)
People should be chosen for jobs based on their skills, qualification and character. For example, if a woman has enough ability to join armed forces, she should be welcome to become a soldier or a police officer. Gender should not come in the way of the selection process.

Body para-2(Second/latter view)
The opposite school of thought, however, deems that because women lack physical strength, they are not fit to be in the army or police as these jobs require physical strength.

(Extending idea)
They further elaborate that naturally women are not as physically strong as men. Since armed forces are very demanding and require high intensity physical work, women might not be able to cope up with new challenges emerging from different critical and dangerous situations.

(Your opinion)
1. However, according to me, the argument of physical strength holds no ground. I would argue that police and military jobs are not just about physical strength. In fact, they require more than that. For example, teamwork, leadership, strategic planning and communication are also equally important skills. Numerous studies have proved that women have a slight edge over men in controlling a situation by communicating more effectively.

2. Moreover, as far as the physical strength is concerned, it can also be amplified by effective workouts and muscle training.

Conclusion
(Concluding statement and restating opinion)
In conclusion, I would like to believe that without being biased women should be given equal opportunities in armed forces as men.

(Suggestion)
It is high time that we start believing in the female counterparts and give them a fair chance to prove their worth in armed forces before drawing any sort of conclusion.

Scientists say that junk food is harmful to people's health. Some say the way to ask people to eat less fast food is to educate them, while others say education does not work. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion

Intro
(General facts)
It is implicit/ irrefutable that due to the modern lifestyle, fast-food has become a part and parcel of daily life. Numerous scientific researches have revealed time and again that junk food is inimical/detrimental/ pernicious to people’s health as it contains a lot of fats and salts which are detrimental to health.

(Paraphrasing)
Therefore a certain segment of the society believes that people should be educated and made aware of its ill effects. However, there is a counter argument that education serves no purpose in making people eat less junk food.

(Thesis statement)
Both the arguments need a proper scrutiny before forming an opinion.

Para 1(first/ former View)
(Main Idea)
Going with the first school of thought educating people about the damaging effects of junk food can help in reducing its use.

(Extending idea)
According to them lack of awareness is a big factor why people eat junk food.  People actually don’t know what goes in the making of fast food. Fast foods are high in calories and low in nutrition.  These foods are rich in harmful substances such as fat, salt, and sugar. Preservatives are also added in junk food.

(Supporting idea)
All these things can cause heart diseases, cancer, diabetes, and obesity. Obesity is one of the major health hazards in the world today. Therefore, it is imperative to reduce eating Junk foods for the healthy life. If people are warned about their bad effects, they would eat less of it. This can be done with the help of media such as TV which is ubiquitous nowadays.

Para 2(Second/latter view)
(Main Idea)
The opposite school of thought, however, deems that educating people will not serve any purpose because junk food is very cheap, tasty and readily available.

(Extending idea)
1. After a hectic days work no one is in a mood to spend time in the kitchen. Therefore, junk food is very convenient. It is also not very expensive and children love it.

2. What is more, fast food outlets spend a lot to lure people with their ads. What people don’t realize is that the celebrities they use in these ads hardly ever eat such food themselves and if they do, then they also spend hours working out in the gym every day.

Para 3 (your opinion)
1. After analyzing both sides of the argument, I believe that educating people can certainly help.
2. However, at the same time, if these fast food outlets can also be educated about making fast food healthier then it would be a great help.  Strict rules should be laid down against using fatty acids and saturated fats. Whole wheat breads could be used instead of white breads.  Use of preservatives should be lessened and juices should be served along with such foods instead of carbonated drinks.

Conclusion
(Concluding statement and restating opinion)
In the end it can be concluded that fast food is harmful still people eat it. Lack of time and lack of awareness seem to the prime cause for it.

(Suggestion)
Therefore, measures should be taken to educate people and to improve the fast food. We all know that ‘health is the biggest wealth’ one can have. Thus, people need to realise that in the pursuit of material wealth they can not afford to loose the real wealth i.e. health.

SOme of the best Questions Writing task 2 in ielts

1.   In many countries where capital punishment has been abolished there has been a corresponding rise in violent crime rates. For this reason, many governments are considering its reintroduction as a form of deterrent. Should Capital Punishment be re-introduced? Discuss.

2.   Television is a very powerful medium of influence over large populations. There are many positive aspects to television. For example, it is an educational tool. However many people feel that it is doing irreparable harm. Present argumentation to highlight your opinion on this matter.

3.   Outdoor recreation such as mountain climbing, camping and hiking bring us closer to nature and are ideal activities to encourage family bonding. Discuss.

4.   The younger generation is up-to-date with new techniques and advances in Science. They are often better able to make important decisions than their parents are. Discuss.

5.   Over the past twenty to thirty years there has been a noticeable trend away from many forms of discipline within the family. A recent survey highlighted the fact that most people feel that parents are too permissive with their children. Discuss.

6.   As a result of countries becoming more and more industrialized, pollution has become a serious problem. Discuss some ways that this children. Discuss.

7.   Overpopulation if unchecked will bring about the destruction of this planet. Discuss ways of controlling this problem.

8.   Many are of the opinion that the Internet is inundating our children with dangerous information. There is however no doubt that the Internet represents great advances in communication and the dissemination of information. Discuss the pros and cons of the Internet.

9.   Salaries paid to employees are an accurate reflection of their value to society. Discuss. In approaching this task, consider in particular salaries paid to nurses, doctors, sports-persons, movie stars, teachers and farmers.

10.Although there is no longer an immediate threat of nuclear war, peace seems as elusive as ever. In order to address this problem, the United Nations should be given a stronger role in global affairs in order to bring about world peace.

11.Good health is a basic human right, however in a growing number of countries today, access to health care depends on socio-economic status. This is discriminatory and should not be the basis for access to good health care. Discuss.

12.Spending money on scientific research should only be approved when there are economic benefits resulting from the research. Discuss.

13.Women have been disadvantaged in the workplace for decades and so they should now receive special assistance in the form of education and incentives, etc. Discuss.

14.'Going on strike' is commonly used as a catalyst to resolve industrial disputes. Many conservative governments are strongly opposed to this mechanism for bringing about change. Discuss the pros and cons of this action in resolving disputes.

15.Since World War II there has been an increase in cooperation between many Eastern and Western countries. This has led to a desire amongst students to undertake study in foreign countries. Write a brief account of the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad.

16.Since reading is important for a good education we should encourage our children to read extensively. However as there is an abundance of undesirable reading matter, there should be heavy censorship to restrict access to it. Discuss.

17.Since private enterprise benefits from a country's resources (both natural and human) it should be made accountable for maintenance of environmental and social infrastructures.

18.Pollution is a very serious problem today. What level of pollution should we tolerate? Discuss examples of the different types of pollution.

19.What are the effects of global warming? Suggest some recommendations to minimize these effects.

 20.Smoking has long been known to cause health problems for smokers, however the effect of passive smoking is becoming an important health issue. Discuss the dangers of smoking to smokers and non-smokers.

21.¡Passive smoking kills. The most vulnerable section of the population are both the unborn and the very young children as their lungs are still developing. For this reason, smoking in public places should be prohibited. Discuss.

22.The level of serious crime is escalating alarmingly. Give some suggestions to control this trend.

23.Most psychologists today believe that a strong sense of parental discipline is necessary to bring up socially well adjusted and self-confident children. Discuss.

24.Although many benefits may result from space exploration, the costs involved are enormous. There is some debate as to whether this money could be more wisely spent to provide for the basic needs of mankind such as food, clean water, contraception etc. For this reason space exploration should be restricted. Discuss.

25.How can we address the problem of the increasing illiteracy trend in many highly developed countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom?

26.How can the ever-increasing gap between rich and poor be narrowed?

27.In countries like Japan stress is becoming a major problem. Suggest some ways to control this trend.

28.Rainforests are a valuable resource and as such we should phase out indiscriminate logging. Discuss.

29.What are the pros and cons of co-educational schooling.

30.Single sex education is better than co-educational schooling. Discuss.

31.Compare the benefits of a vegetarian diet over a conventional Western diet.

32.Forests are the lungs of the earth. Their destruction will accelerate extinction of animals and ultimately mankind. For this reason, logging inthe world's rainforests should be phased out over the next decade. Discuss.

33.Aquariums and wildlife sanctuaries are seen as sources of education and entertainment for families. They are also essential to conduct life-saving research. However there is opposition to confining animals in this way. Discuss some of the arguments for and against the maintenance of zoos.

34.Although education in many developing countries is not compulsory, an effort should be made to ensure that all children between the age of 5 and 15 years attend some form of schooling. Discuss.

35.Tourism is seen as a major industry for many countries. However it tends to have a deleterious effect on the environment and should be strictly monitored. Discuss.

36.Tourism is becoming a good source of revenue to many countries. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of exploiting this resource.

37. Technology is making it possible to stay at home and work. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this.

38.Learning would be improved through the extensive use of computers in the classroom. This is would reduce the number of teachers required which would be an advantage. Discuss.

39.Society is experiencing an increase in many problems such as crime and drug abuse due to urbanization. Give some suggestions to control this trend.

40.Discuss the possible causes for the worldwide increase in crime and violence. What has been the effect of these adverse trends on society?

  

Other important phrases ielts

Superlative degrees
Highest, greatest, largest
Lowest, Smallest,

Higher than, bigger than, greater than, more than
Smaller than, lower than, shorter than, less than

Most popular, second most popular, third most popular
Least popular, second least popular, third least popular

Much higher than, much lower than
Far higher than, far lower than
Far more than, far less than
Far more popular than, far less popular than

Just above, just over
Just below, just under

Two times, three times, four times
Two fold, three fold, four fold
Twice, thrice

Half, one third, one fourth, one fifth
Two third, three fourth

Important Prepositions

1. From
2. To
3. Between
4. During
5. Throughout
6. Meanwhile
7. Meantime

Some important task 1 phrases

1. Overall, it is immediately apparent from the graph that….
2. Overall, it can be predicted / anticipated (for future)
3. Remained at a higher rate...
4. over the next four years/ over the following four years ….
5. Noticeably different….
6. throughout the whole time frame…..
7. Seems to follow fairly similar pattern over the first five years…
8. Seems to follow the opposite pattern over the first five years…
9. Then fluctuated over the next nine years…
10. Ending the period slightly lower than….
11. Enough to cover the expenditures….
12. during the same period….
13. However, the opposite was true in the case of…
14. Decreased as a whole over the period….
15. The situation in Japan was almost the reverse of this….
16. Most drastic change is expected….
17.  Similar highs….
18. However, this pattern is reversed…..
19. Considerable fall by approximately 25%....
20. Turning to the reasons for…
21. Turning/ moving on to the next stage….
22. There were some clear differences….
23. Remained so throughout the period....
24. Started at a similar amount….
25. By far the most/ least popular….
26. Apart from a jump to around…
27. The striking feature of the graph is….
28. It grew steadily and strongly to finally reach about…
29. Rising to a peak, before falling back to…..
30. The biggest declines were in….

Process chart vocabulary ielts

A process is a series of events, one taking place after the other.  Therefore, to connect your stages, you should use ‘time connectors’. These are some common process diagram time connectors:

To begin/start/initiate,……
Following this,….
Followed by, …….
Next, ….
Then, …..
After, ……
After that, ……
Before, …..
Subsequently, …..
In the subsequent stage, …..
Finally, ….

Writing percentage data in different language

80%- Four fifths, a major chunk, a bulk of, a significant amount.
75%- Three quarters, a large number of, a majority of,
70, 71, 72, 73, 74- almost three quarters
65% - two-thirds, A significant number of people
60% - three-fifths, A significant number of people
55% - more than half, just above/over half,
50% - Half, exactly a half, precisely a half
49, 48, 47, 46% - almost a half, just below half, just under half
40% - Two fifths, almost one third, just over one third
33% - One third, exactly a one third, precisely one third
30, 31, 32% -Almost one third, just below one third, just under one third
25% - exactly a quarter, precisely a quarter, one fourth
22, 23, 24% - Almost a quarter, just below a quarter, just under a quarter
20% - one fifth, a fifth
15% - less than one fifth, a small minority
10% - one in ten, a small minority
2, 3, 4, 5% - a small minority, a fraction, an insignificant amount

Selected words for task 1 with synonyms WRITTING TAKS 1 ACADEMIC

1. Show
Depict, demonstrate, display explain, exhibit, highlight, illustrate, indicate reflect, reveal, portray, represent, underline, suggest

2. Almost
Approximately, about, just about, around, nearly, more or less, virtually, close to

3. Same
Similar, identical, equal, equivalent, likewise

4. Opposite
Reverse, contrary, converse, dissimilar, different

5. Normally
Usually, generally, in general, on average, on the whole, by and large, more often than not

6. Component
Part, constituent, ingredient, element, item

7. High
Elevated, soaring, lift, lofty, sky scraping, tall

8. Small
Short, little, tiny, minuscule, microscopic, minute, fraction, insignificant

9. Apparent
Noticeable, obvious, evident, visible, perceptible

10. Period
Phase, stage, segment, juncture

11. Exceed
Surpass, go above, go beyond, outweigh, outdo

12. Though
Although, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, despite the fact that

13. Consecutive
Successive, in a row, following

14. Begin
Start, commence, initiate, kick off

15. Trend
Tendency, movement

16. Number
Figure, digit, amount, quantity

17. Income
Revenue, earnings, returns, wages, remuneration

18. Expenditure
Expenses, spending, costs

19. Year
Annual, yearly

20. Total
Entire, whole, complete, full

21. Category
Group, class, set, type

22. Source
Means, medium

23. Other
Additional, extra, further

24. Enough
Sufficient, adequate, ample, plenty, abundant

25. Proportion
Amount, percentage, share

26. Relatively
Comparatively, somewhat


27. During
Throughout, in the meantime, meanwhile

28. Negligible
Minimal marginal, slight, minor, tiny, moderate,  small minority

29. Maintain
Keep, sustain, continue, remain

30. Expect
Predict, anticipate, suppose, assume

31. Certain
Definite, sure, exact

32. Measure
Evaluate, assess, calculate, analyze

33. Ascent
Climb, rise, mount, scramble

34. Make
Create, construct, constitute, comprise

35. Bulk
Size, volume, mass, massiveness

36. Household
Domestic, family

37. Subsequent
Succeeding, successive, following, next

38. Except
Excluding, apart from, without

39. Reason
Basis, grounds, motive

40. Produce
Make, grow, create, generate

Connectors

For beginning
To begin, to start, first of all, at the beginning of the period

Second or any other reason
In addition, apart from that, Moreover, furthermore, what is more, to add to it.

Compare and contrast
However, whereas, while, in sharp contrast, on the contrary, on the flip side, on the other hand.

For the ending
At the end, finally, lastly

Important Adjectives to use with different trends WRITTING TASK 1 ACADEMIC

For major or sudden changes
Sharp, sudden, swift, spectacular, substantial, rapid, abrupt, dramatic, steep, significant, considerable, marked, brisk, quick, nippy

For slow but regular changes
Steady, Gradual, consistent

For small changes
Slight, moderate, marginal, minimal, gentle, minor, insignificant

Common words for task 1 trends with synonyms IELTSDATA WRITTING TASK 1

1.  Upward Trend

1. Rise
Example:
A. Prices rose from $10 to $15 within 3 months.
B. Prices rose by 50%.

2. Surge
Example:
A. It then surged to high of 75,000 units
B. Then, there was a surge of 75000 units.

3. Peak
Example:
From there, the audience level continues to rise sharply, reaching a peak of 45% of the population between 6 and 10 pm, also aptly known as “prime time”.

4. Rocket/ Skyrocket
Example:
A. By 2030, the elderly Japanese population is predicted to rocket / skyrocket 150% within one year.
B. By 2030 the proportion of elderly Japanese is predicted to rocket /skyrocket to 25%of the population within one year.

5. Leap
Example:
The figure leapt to 80,000 by the end of the year.
There was a big leap of 80,000 in the figure by the end of the year.

6. Soar
Example:
While sales of Product B remained steady, sales of Product A soared during the fourth quarter.

7. Spike
Example:
On the other hand, house prices spiked in the first two months after the recession.
There was a spike in house prices in the first two months after the recession.

8. Climb
Example:
The number of televisions sold in 2010 climbed.



9. Jump
Example:
New gym memberships jumped 10% immediately after the Christmas holiday period.
There was a 10% jump in new gym memberships immediately after the Christmas holiday period.

10. Increase
Example:
Birth rates in New Zealand stood at 20,000 at the start of this period and increased to a peak of 66,000 in 1961.

11. Go up
Example:
It went up by 20% at the end of the period

12. Take off
Example:
The sales took off in the month of January.
There was a take off in the sales in the month of January.

13. Shoot up
Example:
The sales shoot up in the month of January.
There was a shoot up in the sales in the month of January.

14. To reach a high
Example:
Conversely, audience levels for radio reach a high in the morning by 9 am.

15. Upward trend
Example:
The graph shows an upward trend in household access to modern technology in the UK from 1996 to 2003.

2. Downward Trend

1. Decrease
A. From that point, marriages decreased steadily until 1970 hitting a low of about 250,000.
B. There was a steady decease in marriages until 1970 when it hit a low of about 250,000.

2. Decline
 Australian exports gradually declined to about 11 million tones in 1990.

3. Drop
A. From 10 pm, audience levels drop dramatically to nearly 1% by 2 am.
B. From 10 pm there is a dramatic drop in audience levels to nearly 1% by 2 am.

4. Dip/ take a dip
A. Between the 2nd and 3rd quarter Sales of Product D took a dip of 10%, but later regained.
B. There was a 10% dip in Product D sales between the 2nd and 3rd quarter.

5. Fall
From 10pm, audience levels fall sharply to nearly 1% by 2 am.
From 10 pm there is a sharp fall in audience levels to nearly 1% by 2 am.

6. Plunge
After a recovery of 10%, it plunged sharply
After a recovery, there was sharp plunge in it.

7. Plummet
It suddenly plummeted to hit the lowest point.
There was a sharp plummet in the sales after 2 years.

8. Crash
After a recovery of 10%, it crashed sharply
After a recovery, there was sharp crash in it.

9. Sink
After that it sank to 75.

10. Slip back
Only to slip back to 800 in May 2010

11. Go down
It went down by 3%

12. To hit bottom
After a slight recovery, it then went down sharply to hit the bottom.

13. Reach a low/ an all-time low
In 1992, the sales of the product A went down sharply to reach an all time low.

14. A downward trend
Overall, a downward trend can be seen 0in marriages between 1951 and 2003

3. Stable

1. Static/unchanged/stable/constant
From January to March the percentage of children using supplements remained fairly static/unchanged/stable/constant at approximately 10%

2. Stabilize
After a 10-year period of fluctuations, the total value stabilized at roughly 30% until 2005.

3. Steady
By contrast, the figures for Japan remained steady at just under 5% until the early 2000s.

4. Level off
It then leveled off and remained the same till the end.

5. Plateau
 After a hiccup, it reached a plateau.

4. Fluctuation

1. Fluctuate
Student enrollment fluctuated wildly, but the trend was clearly upward.
There were wild fluctuations in student enrollment, but the trend was clearly upward.

2. Erratic
The graph of sales moved erratically during last 10 years.

3. Inconsistency
The graph of sales moved inconsistently during last 10 years.

4. Irregularity
There were apparent irregularities in the sales of the product B during the whole period.

5. Up and down
It went up and down quite regularly during the same period.

5. Recovery

Recovery
There was a sharp recovery in the sales of pizza after 2 years.
The sales of pizza recovered sharply.

Revival / Resurgence / Resurrection
There was an apparent revival /resurgence / resurrection in the sales of pizza in the last 2 years.

How to write? (Full Explanation) writting task 1 academic

1. Task 1 Writing in the Academic IELTS test is an information transfer essay.
2. You simply have to point out the main features of the information using the data
3. All Task 1 questions, whether it is a graph, table, pie chart, process or map have EXACTLY THE SAME STRUCTURE (grammatically, process and map questions normally require passive voice )

According to the public band descriptors, the structure of Task 1 should carry:
1. An appropriate format.
2. An overview with information appropriately selected.
3. It should present and highlight key features.

There are three main components of task 1
1. Introduction (essays have introductions: "appropriate format")
2. An overview (the 'big picture' of all the details)
3. Main details ("key features”)

Part 1: The Introduction
The graph below shows the unemployment rates in the US and Japan between March 1993-99.

Part 1:  The Introduction

The introduction is a description of what the graph is about BUT you cannot copy the statement exactly the same because the examiner won't count the words if you do.

What is the graph about?
It is about the percentage of people who were unemployed in the USA and Japan over a period of 6 years from 1993 to 1999. In fact, it compares the unemployment figures in the two countries. Example introduction:   "The chart compares the percentages of people who were unemployed in the USA and Japan over a period of 6 years from 1993 to 1999."   So we have written an introduction in our own words so the examiner will count ALL the words.

Part 2:  The Overview

 The overview is extremely important. Candidates who do not write an overview CANNOT get higher than Band 5 for Task Achievement according to the Public Band Descriptors.

What is an overview?
The overview briefly describes the main feature(s) of the data.  It is NOT the same as the introduction which just says what the data is about.  The overview is a summary of the most important trends or features of the data.




If we analyze the data, it is the fact that:
1. One trend increased
2. WHILE the other decreased
3. They ended at the same value
So there are actually THREE important features here.  Example overview:

"Overall, the graph indicates that the unemployment rate fell in the US  while it doubled in Japan, with both rates finally reaching 5%."

So, we have written an overview that identifies THREE major features of the data:
1. The falling trend in US unemployment
2. The rising trend in Japanese unemployment
3. The fact that BOTH countries ended up with the SAME level of unemployment

Note:
Every time you write an overview you should attempt to do it with using words like: "while", "although", "even though" or "whereas".

Part 3: The Details

In details of task 1 the candidate must describe the main features of the data.  Public Band Descriptors at Band 7says:
1. Clearly presents and highlights key features
2. Logically organizes information and ideas

Therefore the candidates MUST:
1. Report the main features and not every little detail
2. Organize the data into some logical grouping so it can show a clear progression.

This means the first thing to do is look for the trends and see if the data can be grouped some way.
How to identify the trends?

METHOD 1:
Look for
1. What is increasing?
2. What is decreasing?
3. What stays (approximately) the same or has some erratic behavior like increasing and then decreasing or decreasing and then increasing

METHOD 2:
Look for:
What has a high value?
What has a low value?
What has some medium value or erratic value?

This will allow you to group data together in some logical manner. Let us apply this to the graphs below:

Actually, we have already done most of the work because we realized there were 3 important features when we looked at the overview.

We will use the METHOD 1: - increasing, decreasing stays the same.

What is increasing?
- Unemployment in Japan

Please note: Japan is NOT increasing, it is not expanding, it is not getting bigger, and Japan does not change; it is the UNEMPLOYMENT RATE in Japan that is increasing. (Writing "Japan is increasing ..." is like waving a red flag at the examiner saying give me Band 5).

What is decreasing?
- Unemployment in the US

What stays the same?
Well, nothing all the time, but at the end of the period they both stay the same

Now put these three parts together into body paragraphs:

"In detail, the percentage of the people who were unemployed in the US began at 7% in March 1993, when it was actually at its peak, and then it fell fairly steadily until around March 1997, when it reached about 5.4%. After this, the rate fluctuated around 5%.The situation in Japan was almost the reverse of this. In March 1993, the unemployment rate shot up sharply from 2.5% to 3%, which amounts to a rise of 20% over a very short period of time. Although unemployment did not continue to increase at this pace, the number of people who were out of work continued to increase steadily until it hit its peak value during 1998, when it was 5% of the total workforce.
In the final 12 months from 1998 to March 1999, even though the US and Japan had started the study period with very different unemployment rates, both countries experienced an unemployment rate which was almost the same at approximately 5%."

Notice that all the minor detail have been left out EXCEPT the sharp rise in the unemployment rate in Japan at the very start. We did this because this change actually represented a 20% rise in a very short period of time, which makes it an interesting.

Synopsis

Five points to keep in mind for a good score in writing task 1

1. Write the Introduction by paraphrasing the statement.
2. Write an overview (normally the main trends)
3. Proper body structure (Main argument and supporting arguments)
A. Identify the main trends.
B. Group the data according to trends.
C. Write the summary by selecting main features and compare/ contrast where relevant.
4. Task one vocabulary (At least five good phrases)
5 Connectors (at least five)

Requirements for 7 bands Writing

The aim of this lesson is to look more generally at what is required to get a band 7 in the writing test. We'll focus on essay writing rather than task 1, but the criteria and principals are more or less the same. There is some clarification of some of the differences between the marking of task 1 and 2 at the end.

The Marking Criteria

To explain this, we'll begin by looking at the IELTS band descriptors for a band 7. This information is taken from the IELTS public band descriptors
When you are graded, you will be given a score for each of these, and this will then be averaged. So if you are getting a 6.5, that means you must not be meeting the standard required as shown in the table for one or two of them.


For example:
Task achievement = 7
Coherence and Cohesion = 7
Lexical Resource = 7
Grammatical Range and Accuracy = 6
Overall writing band = 6.5


We'll now just have a look at each of them in a bit more detail to highlight some common areas where you may possibly be going wrong.

Task Achievement

Very basically, this is an assessment of whether you have fully answered the question and provided good support for your ideas. To address all parts of the task, you must respond to everything that is asked in the question. To take an example, look at this question:

Some people think that the best way to reduce crime is to give longer prison sentences. Others, however, believe there are better alternative ways of reducing crime .Discuss both views and give your opinion.

1. A. The task is to discuss both the opinions and to give your opinion. So, for example, if you only wrote about one of the opinions or did not give your opinion, you will not have addressed all parts of the question so you can't get an IELTS band 7 for task achievement.

B. Or if you only wrote a small amount on one of the opinions, this may not be seen as fully answering the question either.

C. There is a lesson here that explains the importance of identifying the task to make sure you fully answer all parts of the question.

2. You must also have a clear position throughout. So if your opinion is not clear and you seem to change it during the essay, then this could be a problem for achieving an IELTS band 7.

3. You also need to fully extend and support your ideas. So it is not enough just to put lots of ideas down - fewer ideas are better that are explained properly with reasons and examples.

Coherence and Cohesion

1. Very basically, this is how you organize and present your ideas, and how easy your work is to read. So you will need to know how to organize an essay properly in terms of paragraphing and having ideas that logically and clearly go from one to the next to get an IELTS band 7.

2. Another key point here is that you have to have a clear central topic within each paragraph.
To take a simple example, if you are writing about the advantages and disadvantages of something, then you may want to have one paragraph about each. Each paragraph will then have a clear central topic - either advantages or disadvantages. If you mix them up, this may not be clear.

3. You also need a mix of cohesive devices. These are the things that join and link your ideas, sentences and paragraphs for example, transitions such as 'however', 'firstly', 'moreover', and other general linking words within sentences such as 'and' and 'because'. You will need a variety and mix of these for an IELTS band 7.

Lexical Resource

1. Your lexis is basically your vocabulary,
2. You'll need to show that you know some less common words and be able to use them precisely.
3.  You can only make occasional errors in your word choice, word formation and spelling. This means the majority need to be correct!

4. You need to learn how to use the words correctly. Using lots of new words that you don't know how to use properly could make your writing worse, so be careful! Only use words you know how to use properly.

Grammatical Range and Accuracy

1. As will be clear from the title, this one is assessing your level of grammar. You will need to show you can use a wide range of sentence structures and have a high level of accuracy.

2. You need to have frequent error-free sentences. In other words, the majority of your sentences can't have grammar errors.

Task 1

The last three criteria are more or less the same for task 1. The differences are in the task achievement as obviously you are being given a different task. This is what the public descriptors have for task 1 (academic):

1. Covers the requirements of the task
2. Presents a clear overview of trends, differences or stages
3. Clearly presents and highlights key features/bullet points but could be more fully extended

The first point is obviously stating that you must do what you were asked in the question. The second point means that at some stage in your writing you must clearly give an overview of the main things that are occurring in the graph or diagram.

Finally, to achieve in the last point you must be able to show that you can notice and write about the important things that are happening in the graph, and make comparisons between the data.